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Antibody Production by Liposome Immunization

Introduction of Liposome Liposome is a new type of pharmaceutical preparation with targeted drug delivery function. In general, a liposome is a spherical vesicle which contains at least one lipid bilayer. A similar structure with the body’s plasma membrane results in the great biocompatibility of liposomes. In recent years, liposomes have been widely used as carriers of different kinds of antigens. The attached position of antigens to liposomes can be the outer surface, the internal aqueous spaces, and the lipid bilayers. The theoretical basis of liposome immunization is that liposomes have the ability to encapsulate antigens and stimulate antibody production at low doses. Moreover, the potential allergic reactions can also be avoided. Liposome-based Immunization Strategy A liposome is a new type of immunogen delivery system which is used to induce immune responses in intranasal, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal immunization. It has been recognized as a novel adjuvant and vaccine delivery system thanks to its unique advantages over traditional carrier proteins on immunogenic stimulation. For example, ...

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Anti-hapten Antibody Production Service

Introduction The so-called hapten is some small molecular weight or weak immunogenicity compounds and molecules, due to their small space structures, they can't form the effective epitopes which could be recognized by antibodies, this kind of hapten antibodies preparation is difficult because it is hard to cause an immune response in immune animals. Leading Biology has a professional technical team in biology, chemistry and polymer science, by using various physical and chemical techniques to do the artificial modification of the small molecule hapten, greatly enhances the immunogenicity while preserving the characteristic epitope of the hapten, improves the preparation process of hapten antibody. On the one hand, we have a variety of carrier proteins on market, they can be flexibly combined according to the antigenic properties of the customer, on the other hand, we still do molecular design and modification on the existing carrier, made them could adapt the characteristics of all kinds of immunogen, improve the application range of carrier. Service Package Service Items ...

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Membrane Protein Antibody Production

Introduction For most of soluble protein antigens, we could prepare antibodies by using full-length protein antigens to immune animals, but for those multiple transmembrane proteins which rely on the double lipid membrane structure, the antibody preparation is not that simple. For example, G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is a typical large, multiple transmembrane protein family. It participates in many pathological signals of many diseases, and it is also a target of nearly half of modern drugs. However, the preparation of GPCR antibody is very difficult. There are mainly two reasons, one is the primary structure of transmembrane protein was divided into several parts on both sides of cell membrane, and to get rid of these transmembrane intervals will cause the loss of protein conformational structures; another reason is that the expression of GPCR is very low, and as a membrane channel which plays a key role in signal transduction and expression, overexpression of exogenous human GPCR will leading to cell signal disorder, and extremely easy to cause cell death, so it is very difficult for us to get even the minimum amount of protein required for protein measurement. ...

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Anti-Special Antigen Antibody Service

Introduction Leading Biology, with over 5 years of experience in developing antibodies, is a leading global provider of custom antibody production services. Our facility generates high-affinity custom antibodies with industry-leading titer guarantees and comprehensive antibody production packages that simplify the ordering process and present cost-effective methods to isolate epitope-specific antibodies. Anti-Special Antigen Antibody The efficiency of the antibody depends largely on three aspects: the characterization of antigen, the state of the immune animals and the immunization method. Leading Biology constructs a standardized biological environment for the immune animals, at the same time has high quality breeding and an experimental team to guaranteed these aspects. More than half of the antibody preparation failure is caused by the property of the antigen itself. For example, for membrane protein antigens, small molecule antigens or self-antigens, because of their special structures (such as hidden structures), weak immunogenicity (such as small space volume), or because of autoimmune tolerance problem, i...

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Interference Function and Anti-idiotype Antibody Service

Introduction Although a wide variety of antigens in the immune animal could provide a wide variety of antibodies, even the same antigen processed by immune cells could present different antigen information to B lymphocytes, so the pairing relationship between antigens and antibodies is mainly multiple to one, but in converse, for a specific antibody, there is only one antigen or antigen information could be identified. Among the hundreds of amino acids that constitute an antibody, most of the sequences are highly conserved in the same antibody subtype family. Only a few of them which closely related to antigen binding are different, and these amino acid sequences are unique sequences identifying specific antigen. In many medical or biological studies, it is often needed to do qualitative and quantitative analyses for the specific antibodies induced by antigens (such as a drug), in order to get some indicator information (such as some pharmacokinetics indicators). If there is no specific anti-antibodies to identify specific antibodies, the immunoglobulin family derived from the target antibody will cause great interference to the experiment, even submerged the...

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Capture and Report Paired Antibody Service

Introduction Leading Biology is a leader in custom monoclonal antibody development services. Our antibody team strives to deliver successful projects to our customers in record time—40 to 60 days for monoclonal projects. We are known for our personal service, speed, confidentiality, and our success-based guarantee. Service package Time Start point Purified protein Prokaryotic proteins synthesis de novo Vector construction √ √ Protein expression & purification √ √ √ √ √ √ Immune ...

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Ligand Memetics Agonistic Antibody Discovery Service

Introduction Cell signal transduction is the core content of cell functional omics research. And the binding of receptors and ligands to activate the cell signaling is the starting step of many activation or inhibitory signaling pathways. By preparing the antibodies related to cell surface signal receptors to simulate the combination of receptors and ligands on the original body cell surface, thus initiating cell signaling pathways, such antibodies called ligand mimic activator antibody. The most classic example is the antibody drugs used in tumor targeting therapy, at present, there are at least 11 types of monoclonal antibody drugs have been found to be functional by receptor activation. At present, in addition to the conventional rabbit/rat polyclonal antibody, and monoclonal antibody hybridoma cell preparation and screening program, based on phage display technology, Leading Biology is also able to provide the service of discovery of new receptor-activated antibodies, we not only have a common natural antibody library, but also could construct a phage library based on the advanced prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression technology and the information of specific a...

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Anti-isotype Antibody Production

Introdution The immune process of animals is done by the participation of a variety of organs and cells, so, even for the same antigen immunization, there is a great difference between the antibody produced by the same antigen in the same immune cycle. Taking people and mice as an example, there are five subtypes of antibodies in the body, they are: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD, of which IgG is divided into four subtypes according to the location of the disulfide bond, which also called homotypes. In some immunological tests, in order to observe the stage of the immune response of the tested animal, it is often needed to use the subtype of the main antibody produced by the animal as a clue. Capture or mark a specific subtype of antibody, at the same time have no specific identification of antibodies against specific antigens, this is the so-called anti specific subtype antibody, it is the basic material for the identification of antibody subtypes. Service Package Service Items Start point Please obtain a quote before ordering, and refer to the quote number when you place an ord...

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Custom Antibody Services for Post-translational Modification

Introduction Eukaryotes have complex post-transcriptional modification processes, such as glycosylation, methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, and so on, the modification of special location is often related to the function of the protein. In order to detect these modifications, antibodies specific to post transcriptional modifications have become a necessary material for modern protein functional omics and epigenetics. Combined with years of experience in the preparation of small molecular hapten antibodies and the advantage of peptide synthesis technology, Leading Biology developed a complete technical route for the preparation of post transcriptional modified structural antibodies. We can not only provide the modified groups that can reflect the level of the expression of a modified group in the whole protein group (e.g. The full lysate of a tissue or cell), but also could provide antibodies specific to the protein specific location modification. Service Package Service Items (months) Phosphate specific G...

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IHC-Positive Hybridoma Screening

Introduction Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. Specific molecular markers are characteristic of particular cellular events such as proliferation or cell death (apoptosis). Immunohistochemistry is also widely used in basic research to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) involves the process of selectively imaging antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Based on molecular experimental professional team, Leading Biology established a complete set of services for IHC fidelity antibody preparation, after obtaining a large number of suspected positive hybridoma cells, we could verify the IHC availability antibodies for customers, and hand the purified hybridoma cell supernatant to customers for further validation test. One the one hand, it saves the customers' work and shorten the test cycle, on the other hand, it eliminates the false positive...

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