What is a Frozen Section?

A frozen section is the tissue portion that uses a cryometer to cool quickly. This is an important feature of hospitals to assist in diagnosing lesions and the degree of lesions during surgery. A refrigerant is an instrument used to freeze samples of human tissue and cut them into microscopic parts. It is used to help diagnose lesions immediately and to help medical professionals plan for the management of the patients involved. The frozen part also contributes to immunofluorescent and enzyme immunochemical research. Another useful indicator is certain carbohydrates and lipids in the dyed tissue.

How long does a frozen section take?

A frozen section is placed on a freezing microtome machine where the bottom of the sample is frozen within seconds. A razor-thin slice of tissue is extracted from the frozen section, prepared on a slide and placed under the microscope for review. In many other medical centers, this process takes at least 24 hours to complete.

Why is Frozen Section Important?

It is an important feature that is needed in hospitals to assist with the diagnoses of lesions and the extent of the lesion during surgery. The cryostat is an instrument used to freeze the human tissue samples and cut it for the microscopic section.

What is a Permanent Section?

The goal is to get the right final answer and avoid quick and potentially inaccurate answers. The Permanent Section. In the permanent section process, the tissue is treated by a series of chemical solutions that give a high-quality slide.

The Principle of Frozen Section

When tissue samples are quickly frozen, it converts water into ice, which acts as an embedded medium that splits the tissue. If the temperature of the tissue sample decreases and the temperature increases the softening of the tissue, the tissue becomes stronger. Some important factors to be aware of include:

1. The temperature range in the cryostat machine usually ranges from 0⁰C to -35⁰C. Most tissues can slice appropriately between -15⁰C and -25⁰C. Tissue samples containing water can be sliced at higher temperatures, while tissue containing more fat needs to be cut at lower temperatures.
2. The knife inside the rotary microtome is fixed, and the tissue can be moved with the help of the rotary wheel.
3. A tissue shelf on one side of the microtome can be used to keep the tissue. It can help to keep the samples at a freezing temperature as the temperature in the tissue shelf which is usually lower compared to the cabinet temperature.
4. There is a small place to place the knife and brush holder in front of the microtome machine.
5. To obtain an even pressure during sectioning of the tissue samples throughout the whole length, the blade should be fixed to the holder with the knife angle kept between 5⁰C and 7⁰C.
6. An antiroll plate is available in front of the knife to prevent the rolling of the tissue during the cutting process. The antiroll plate is usually glass within a metal frame.
7. A cool sable hairbrush is also available to obtain unrolled tissue.
8. Depending on the manufacturer, the specimen holder can be available in a variety of shapes and sizes.
9. The optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound such as resin and water-soluble glycols will be used as an embedding medium to hold the tissue.

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